Day 3

The Roman Empire 
      I.        The Republic Collapses 
1.    Economic Turmoil
·     Civil War- conflict between groups within the same country. 
2.    Military Upheaval
·     A breakdown of the once loyal military.
3.    Julius Caesar Takes Control
·     Julius Caesar- a military leader who joined forces with Crassus, a wealthy Roman, and Pompey, a popular general.
·     Triumvirate- a group of three rulers who dominated Rome.
4.    Caesar’s Reform 
5.    Beginning of the Empire 
·     Augustus- an excepted title for Octavian, or “exalted one” 
     II.        A Vast and Powerful Empire
·     Pax Romana- “roman peace”, during this time, the Roman Empire included more than 3 million square miles, its population numbered between 60 and 80 million people.
1.    A Sound Government 
2.    Agriculture and Trade
   III.        The Roman World
1.    Slaves and Captivity 
·     The number of slaves may have reached as high as one third of the total population. 
·     Slaves included men, women, and children.
·     Slaves worked both in cities and farms. 
2.    Gods and Goddesses
·     Earliest Romans worshiped powerful spirits or divine forces called numina. 
·     The Lares were guardian spirits of each family.
3.    Society and Culture 
·     Wealth and social status made huge differences in how people lived, most classes had very little in common. 
·     The rich lived extravagantly, and spent large sums of money on homes, gardens, slaves, and luxuries.
·     However, during the time of the empire, much of the city’s population was unemployed. 

Questions 1, 3, 4, and 5 on page 165
1.    Civil war- conflict between groups within the same country.
Julius Caesar- a military leader who joined forces with Crassus.
Triumvirate- a group of three rulers which dominated Rome.
Augustus- a title excepted by Octavian, meaning “exalted one”
Pax Romana- meaning “Roman peace” 
3. The gap between the rich and the poor grew.
4. Through efficient government and able rulers.

5. The government provided free games, races, mock battles, and gladiator contests. 

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