508 BCE- regular citizens throughout Isagoras 
·     Cleisthenes’ supporters- and the ordinary Athenian citizens! - revolt against Isagoras’ tyranny 
·     They trapped Isagoras on the acropolis for two day- he escaped and was ostracized from Athens 
·     Cleisthenes- definitely a member of the elite
·     Very rich
·     Insulted from the “hoi polloi”
·     But… a crafty politician 
·     Saw value of trapping into the talents, intelligence, and energies of the non-aristocrats (the middle-class citizens) 
·     Too bad he didn’t realize 
·     Citizens could participate- but only 1/5 of Athenians were citizens (free, adult, male, property owner, and born in Athens)
·     After several years, Athens practiced a direct democracy
       Its where the state (or in case, the city-state) is ruled by its citizens
·     Rule is based on citizenship 
·     Majority rule decides vote 
·     In the Agora, citizens argued, made speeches, then voted with white stones white stones (yes)/black stones(no)
It was 1stpractices in Athens under Cleisthenes by around 500 BCE 
Gods and Goddesses
·     What is unique about the Greeks’ relationship with their gods is the interaction with humans

·     Poseidon (god of the sea) interfered with Odysseus trying to return home 

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